There can be various reuse or recycling opportunities on all petrochemical and refining sites: from finding alternative supplies (reuse of external source such as municipal wastewater or neighbouring industrial site) to on-site reuse/recycling (treated effluents, segregation of waste streams, cascading recycling, recycling at the point-of-use with associated recovery of by-products, zero liquid discharge...).
The integrated reuse and recycling solutions are case by case solutions taking industrial water cycle know-how, local environmental constraints and cost issue into account.
